Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a 17 kDa immunoregulatory cytokine that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of allergy, cancer, and tissue fibrosis. It is secreted by Th1, Th2, Th17, NK, and mast cells, visceral smooth muscle cells, eosinophils, and basophils. This pattern is similar to the expression of Interleukin-4 (IL-4) but also includes subsets of Th1 and Th17 cells that do not secrete IL-4. IL-13 circulates as a monomer and has two internal disulfide bonds that contribute to its bundled

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced primarily by mitogen- or antigen-activated T lymphocytes. Human IL-2 (also known as T-cell growth factor) is produced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. IL-2 is a potent lymphoid cell growth factor which exerts its biological activity primarily on T cells promoting proliferation and maturation.IL-2 has been found to stimulate growth and differentiation of B cells, NK cells, LAK cells, monocytes, and oligodendo

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine is produced by activated macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase 1 (CASP1/ICE). This cytokine is an important mediator of the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX2) by this cytokine in the central ner

This gene product is a member of the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. It is a mitogen that specifically acts on endothelial cells and has various effects, including mediating increased vascular permeability, inducing angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, endothelial cell growth, promoting cell migration, and inhibiting apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Also, alternative translation initiation from non-AUG (CUG) and AUG star

Interferons (IFNs) are a family of mammalian cytokines initially characterized by their ability to inhibit viral infection. In addition to their antiviral properties, IFNs have also been shown to exhibit anti-proliferative, immunomodulatory, and many other activities.When IFN interacts with its cognate receptor, a signal is rapidly transmitted within the cell, often producing an antiviral state. The primary signal transduction cascade promoted by type I IFNs is the JAK1-STAT pathway.Activation

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody. Representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in the circulation.IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells. Each IgG has two antigen binding sites.Antibodies are major components of humoral immunity. IgG is the main type of antibody found in blood and extracellular fluid allowing it to control infection of body tissues. By binding many kinds of pathogens such as viruses,