The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein is activated through phosphorylation in response to various cytokines and growth factors including IFNs, EGF, IL5, IL6, HGF, LIF and BMP2. This protein mediates the express

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAPkinase family. MAP kinases, also known as extracellularsignal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act in a signaling cascade thatregulates various cellular processes such as proliferation,differentiation, and cell cycle progression in response to avariety of extracellular signals. This kinase is activated byupstream kinases, resulting in its translocation to the nucleuswhere it phosphorylates nuclear targets. Alternatively splicedtranscript variants

Estrogen and progesterone receptor are members of a family of transcription factors that are regulated by the binding of their cognate ligands. The interaction of hormone-bound estrogen receptors with estrogen responsive elements(EREs) alters transcription of ERE-containing genes. The carboxy terminal region of the estrgen receptor contains the ligand binding domain, the amino terminus serves as the transactivation domain, and the DNA binding domain is centrally located. Two forms of estrogen

phosphorylated at the Thr-Pro-Tyr phosphorylation motif instead of the characteristic MAP kinase Thr-Glu-Tyr motif. JNK2 (p54a, SAPK1a), along with JNK1 and JNK3, is thought to play an important role in nuclear signal transduction through its environmental stress activation and subsequent phosphorylation of the nuclear transcription factor p53.

CD137 exists on the cell surface as a monomer with a molecular mass of 30 kDa and as a dimer of 55 kDa. Human and mouse CD137 share 60% amino acid identity. CD137 (4-1BB), a member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the cell surface of activated splenic T cells and thymocytes. The functions of CD137 in T lymphocytes include regulating activation, proliferation and apoptosis. CD137 and CD28 are costimulatory molecules of T

This protein is closely related to IL13RA1, a subunit of the interleukin 13 receptor complex. This protein binds IL13 with high affinity, but lacks cytoplasmic domain, and does not appear to function as a signal mediator. It is reported to play a role in the internalization of IL13.